Updates

A significant regulatory shift has introduced new opportunities for the trade of medicinal cannabis from our Dutch facility. Commercial parties holding a valid opium exemption or import license can now order cannabis API and raw materials directly from Bedrocan.

Direct industrial orders

This new pathway is specifically designed for industrial orders where cannabis material serves as the basis for developing cannabis medicines and other cannabis-derived products. These transactions are facilitated through a tripartite agreement between the Office of Medicinal Cannabis (OMC), Bedrocan, and the purchasing party, marking a significant evolution in trade flexibility within the Dutch market.

The new policy rule took effect on January 1, 2026.

Future availability: Bedrocan Canada

Looking beyond the Netherlands, Bedrocan is also making significant progress in commissioning its new facility in Canada. In late 2025, the first cuttings were exported from the Netherlands for local cultivation. This facility will soon expand our global reach, producing several cannabis brands as APIs for both local and international markets.

For technical specifications, product availability, and ordering details, please contact our team at orders@bedrocan.com.

As announced by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport in parliamentary letters, the relationship between the Office of Medicinal Cannabis (OMC) and Bedrocan is changing. After 20 years as the primary supplier to the Dutch government, Bedrocan is now transitioning toward a new medicinal cannabis supply model amid policy changes.

Throughout this transition, the OMC has ensured that medicinal cannabis produced by Bedrocan remains available to Dutch pharmacies in 2026. This is intended to keep patient supply steady until the upcoming legislative changes take effect.

CEO Jaap Erkelens remains optimistic about the transition: “While this transition was expected following previous announcements by the Minister of Health, our intention is to ensure a continuous supply of medicinal cannabis to the Dutch market in the future.” Bedrocan produces five varieties of medicinal cannabis in the Netherlands with different THC and CBD ratios.

Change to the Opium Act

Bedrocan is looking forward to the implementation of a new medicinal cannabis policy in the Netherlands. A central part of the new policy is a proposed amendment to the Opium Act. In letters to Parliament, the Ministry of Health has indicated it intends to limit the role of the OMC to issuing import and export licenses. The OMC was originally founded to make the medicinal cannabis program possible in the Netherlands.

Erkelens: “The reduced role of the OMC would potentially create more opportunities for production and distribution of medicinal cannabis for companies like Bedrocan.” The Ministry has indicated the new Opium Act will go into effect in 2027. Until the new legislation is enacted, the OMC remains responsible for supplying medicinal cannabis to pharmacies in the Netherlands and abroad.

Bedrocan has entered a strategic partnership with Medios AG, a leading European provider of specialised medicines, with its headquarters in Berlin. Under this agreement, Medios AG becomes Bedrocan’s chosen distribution partner of its medicinal cannabis products for Germany, with plans to gradually expand the partnership to Austria, Belgium, Italy and Spain.

Medios will distribute medicinal cannabis produced at Bedrocan’s Danish facility to pharmacies and wholesalers throughout Germany. To ensure a seamless transition, Medios will leverage the expertise and network of Cannaflos, which has been distributing Bedrocan’s products in Germany since 2020. Medicinal cannabis produced by Bedrocan in the Netherlands will continue to be exported by the Office for Medicinal Cannabis for the time being.

Extensive reach and pharmaceutical alignment

The selection of Medios AG was driven by its extensive reach and knowledge of individualised medicine. Bedrocan’s CEO Jaap Erkelens explained: “From the very beginning, our cannabis has been exclusively intended for patients or drug developers. This pharmaceutical approach has allowed us to connect with a reputable pharmaceutical distributor like Medios. We are therefore thrilled to have found a reliable and solid distribution partner to get our products to German patients.” Medios distributes medicines throughout Germany and produces specialised medications and patient-specific therapies.

One-stop-shop for German pharmacists

The collaboration simplifies the procurement process for pharmacists, who previously navigated a fragmented market of dozens of smaller distributors to secure Bedrocan’s products. This often led to supply inconsistencies and administrative burdens. Erkelens: “With this collaboration, we are introducing a one-stop-shop for pharmacists to place their orders. They no longer have to visit dozens of distributors in their search for Bedrocan’s cannabis.

About Medios

Medios is a leading provider of specialty pharmaceuticals in Europe, with locations in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Spain. Medios is Germany’s first publicly listed specialty pharmaceuticals company. In 2024, the company expanded its presence in the Netherlands by acquiring the Ceban pharmacy chain. Now, Medios is also the first company to receive exclusive rights to distribute Bedrocan cannabis products in agreed markets.

Bedrocan, renowned for its high-quality cannabis and consistent supply, is introducing an enhanced version of its well-established Bedrocan® product. The THC content has been increased from 22% to 25% without altering the underlying genetics or terpene profile. The company’s latest product will be marketed under the name Bedrocan® forte, in response to the growing demand for medical cannabis flower products with a higher THC percentage. Germany is the first country where the product is introduced.

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

Commencing in December 2025, Bedrocan® forte will be available as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for pharmaceutical preparations by German pharmacists. The product is available in bulk packaging of 100 and 400 grams, with smaller packaging to be available later. In Germany the product will be distributed by Bedrocan’s new distribution partner. The partnership will be announced in due course. Availability in other international markets will follow later.

Highest quality standards

Bedrocan® forte is produced in accordance with all applicable requirements, including GACP and EU-GMP. It delivers the same pharmaceutical-grade quality as every other cannabis variety produced by the company. Thanks to highly standardised production methods, each batch is grown under identical conditions (controlled light, temperature, nutrients, etc.), guaranteeing a consistent cannabinoid and terpene profile over time.

Today, cannabis medicines are increasingly recognised for their potential to treat specific medical conditions and symptoms. The use is primarily focused on the reduction of pain, but also on improving the quality of life across various chronic conditions.

Studies show that in healthy people, the effects of cannabis medicines are dose-dependent. In patients, it generally has a good safety profile, with temporary side effects. The intensity of these effects and treatment dropout rates can vary based on the dose, THC:CBD content, use history and the length of use.

More quality clinical trials using standardised medicines are required to fully understand safety and effectiveness. The focus should be on specific doses, composition, and how effects differ between ages and sexes.

The effects of cannabis medicines

A comprehensive review of 60 studies investigated the effects of Bedrocan medicinal cannabis flos and derived cannabis medicines in both healthy individuals and patients.

The clinical effects in patients

Fourteen (14) clinical studies on patients for various conditions suggest benefits of medicinal cannabis, including:

The following three (3) studies are indicative only. Single studies provide insight to areas of potential clinical investigation and further research, including:

The physiological and psychological effects of cannabis medicines

Thirty-eight (38) studies were conducted on healthy individuals using Bedrocan’s standardised medicinal cannabis flos and derived cannabis medicines. These studies provide valuable insights to the physiological and psychological effects, including:

What’s next for cannabis medicines?

Conclusions from these clinical studies

• Clinical studies on Bedrocan’s medicinal cannabis flos and derived cannabis medicines show dose-dependent effects in healthy people, affecting subjective experiences and cognitive function.
• For patients, Bedrocan’s medicinal cannabis and derived cannabis medicines appear to reduce pain and may help with other conditions, with a dose-dependent side effect profile.
• Future research, particularly well-designed clinical trials, is crucial to further understand the safety and effectiveness of specific cannabis plant varieties (chemovars), considering factors like dose, the balance of active compounds (THC and CBD), and individual patient characteristics like age and sex.

Important considerations for future research

The clinical review highlighted several areas for future research to improve our understanding of cannabis medicines, including:

With wars still raging around the world, many people live in fear and uncertainty. These experiences can lead to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). While therapy and medication can help, they don’t work for everyone. That’s why more people are exploring alternatives—like cannabis. Once mainly known as a recreational drug, cannabis is now being taken more seriously as a possible treatment. In this article, we explore whether cannabis could help people with PTSD and what science has to say about it.

What is PTSD and how is it treated?

PTSD can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It is characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, trouble sleeping, hyperarousal and avoidance of places, people, or situations reminding of the trauma¹. Around 3.9% of the global population will experience PTSD at some point in their lives². However, the rates are much higher among those exposed to violent conflict or war (15.3%)². PTSD is typically treated with a combination of psychotherapy and prescription medication. Unfortunately 40-50% of individuals don’t respond to current treatments³.

Can cannabis be a treatment option for PTSD?

In recent years, cannabis-based medicinal products have gained attention as a potential new treatment for PTSD. The focus is on the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays a role in regulating stress, emotional memory, and the processing of fear—all important factors in PTSD. Compounds in cannabis, particularly THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), interact with this system, which has led researchers to wonder whether these substances might ease PTSD symptoms⁴.

What does research say about cannabis & PTSD?

So far, research on cannabis for PTSD is still limited. A recent meta-analysis, which included only ten studies, showed mixed results: about half of the studies reported therapeutic benefits, while the other half found no effect or even a worsening of symptoms⁵. The most promising results were seen in improved sleep and fewer nightmares.

What about real-world data?

There is growing interest in using Real-World Data (RWD)—information gathered from actual clinical practice, such as electronic health records or patient surveys⁶. One recent study followed 269 people diagnosed with PTSD for up to 18 months⁷. Participants reported improvements in PTSD symptoms, anxiety, sleep, and quality of life. However, it is important to note that 74% of the participants were already using cannabis when the study began, which may have influenced the results.

So what can we conclude about cannabis & PTSD?

At this time, there is no strong scientific evidence supporting cannabis as a reliable treatment for PTSD. Most studies so far have focused on male military personnel and veterans, making it also unclear whether the findings apply to women or people who have experienced other types of trauma. Additionally, many of the studies are observational, meaning they cannot show whether cannabis is more effective than a placebo or standard treatments. More high-quality research—including well-designed clinical trials and real-world data—are needed to determine whether cannabis is a safe and effective long-term treatment option for PTSD.

References

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.)
2. Koenen KC, Ratanatharathorn A, Ng L, McLaughlin KA, Bromet EJ, Stein DJ, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2017 Oct;47(13):2260–74. doi:10.1017/S0033291717000708.
3. Green B. Post-traumatic stress disorder: new directions in pharmacotherapy. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2013;19(3):181–190. doi: 10.1192/apt.bp.111.010041
4. Hill, M., Campolongo, P., Yehuda, R. et al. Integrating Endocannabinoid Signaling and Cannabinoids into the Biology and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacol. 43, 80–102 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.162
5. Rodas, J. D., George, T. P., & Hassan, A. N. (2024). A systematic review of the clinical effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and symptom clusters. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 85(1), 51827.
6. Real-World Evidence—What Is It and What Can It Tell Us? The New England Journal of Medicine, Dec. 6, 2016
7. Datta, A., Erridge, S., Warner-Levy, J., Clarke, E., McLachlan, K., Coomber, R., … Sodergren, M. H. (2025). UK medical cannabis registry: an updated clinical outcomes analysis of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 25(5), 599–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2025.2490539
8. ∆-9-THC (THC): delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; CBD: cannabidiol.
9. Other relevant, topical, cannabinoids include ∆-8-THC which is derived from CBD through chemical industrial process.
10. WHO. ICD-10. Intoxication is a transient condition that follows the administration of a psychoactive substance and results in disturbances in the level of consciousness, cognition, perception, judgement, or behaviour, or other psycho-physiological functions and responses.
11. Lynskey, M. and W. Hall, The effects of adolescent cannabis use on educational attainment: a review. Addiction, 2000. 95: p. 1621-1630.
    Fergusson, D. and J. Boden, Cannabis use and later life outcomes. Addiction, 2008. 103: p. 969-976.
    Iversen, L., Cannabis and the brain. Brain, 2003. 126: p. 1252-1270.
    Di Forti, M., et al., High-potency cannabis and the risk of psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 2009. 195(6): p. 488 – 491.
    Frisher, M., et al., Assessing the impact of cannabis use on trends in diagnosed schizophrenia in the United Kingdom from 1996 to 2005. Schizophrenia Research, 2009. 113(2-3): p. 123128.
    Fergusson, D., et al., Cannabis and psychosis. BMJ, 2006. 332: p. 172 – 175.
    Burggren, A., et al., Cannabis effects on brain structure, function, and cognition: considerations for medical uses of cannabis and its derivatives. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse., 2019. 45(6): p. 563–579.

Learn from the expert

She still remembers her first cannabis order ten years ago, receiving three 5-gram pharmacy containers of Bedrocan® flos. “I was nervous. Now, I have dispensed over 20,000 cannabis-based medicine preparations, most as oil extracts for oromucosal administration.” The number continues to grow annually. The speaker is Italian pharmacist Annunziata Lombardi. She is one of the healthcare professionals who have been interviewed for ‘The clinical primer’, a publication especially intended for doctors and pharmacists who want to learn more about the administration of cannabis as a form of therapy. Below you will find a summary in which Lombardi focuses primarily on the dosage and application of medicinal cannabis in patients.

Can you describe a typical patient?

There is no typical patient because cannabis-based medicines can be used for all age groups and for multiple pathologies. The Italian National Health Insurance reimburses cannabis-based medicines, as magistral prescription preparations, for a limited number of medical indications: anorexia/cachexia, glaucoma, Tourette syndrome, spasms and pain induced by chemotherapy, vomiting and lack of appetite in chemotherapy patients. In my experience, the most recurrent diseases are chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and neurological problems. There is also a growing demand from patients suffering from autism, anxiety, and sleep disorders.

What advice do you give patients on oral dose forms (oil extracts)?

In Italy, cannabis extracts, for oromucosal dosing, account for 80% of prescriptions. I train my patients on the proper dosage to convert the mg of active substance (THC and CBD) prescribed by the physician into mL and/or drops of extract. This conversion is different for every extract, and it is based on the post-extraction HPLC analytical results. In Italy, pharmacists must analyse the extract for cannabinoid content after production and state this on the label before dispensing. This helps the patient know the amount of active substance taken.

What advice do you give patients on vaporization?

I recommend the use of a medical device because it guarantees the quality and reproducibility of the therapy. However, some patients cannot afford a medical device and opt for another type of vaporizer. In any case, I ask the patient to pay attention to two aspects: (1) the vaporizer temperature, because naïve patients may experience major side effects if the temperature is set too high, (2) the timing of the onset of action, which can be extremely rapid with this administration route.

What do patients say about the administration of cannabis-based medicines by vaporization?

Patients who need an immediate effect to control tremors, intense pain, and seizures appreciate the rapid onset of action provided by inhalation. The main disadvantages of this route are: it is not discrete and often cannot be used in public spaces; the cost of the vaporizer is high; some patients do not have the pulmonary power to actively inhale.

What special considerations should pharmacists be aware of for patients taking oral dose forms?

Pharmacists must inform the patient that the onset of the oral dose form is slow and can take up to three hours. The patient must be aware of that and wait for the effect and not take additional medicine.

Do you have any good advice for pharmacists starting out?

Be passionate about what you do. This is an exciting professional opportunity and it is nothing like dispensing finished drugs.

• Be convinced that you are part of the cannabis- based medicines revolution and this is just the beginning.
• Go to cannabis conferences and trainings in your country and abroad if you have the chance.
• Read scientific literature. There is a lot of academic and clinical research going on.
• Collect patient’s feedback and data.
• Look for other professionals who share your interest. Do not stop at pharmacists but look for physicians, scientists, patients, and anybody who can help you enrich your knowledge.
• Build up strong and solid relationships with physicians and patients.

In addition to the cannabis product Bedrocan® (22% THC | < 1% CBD), Bedrocan has launched two new standardised cannabis products for compounding pharmacies in Australia: Bedropuur® and Bedrolina®. As of this year, these cannabis active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) products will be grown especially for the Australian market in Bedrocan’s brand new EU-GMP-certified production facility in Denmark. All these products will be available in flos and cut flos (ground, dried flower) forms in various packaging configurations.

Compounding pharmacies can use these cannabis API products to tailor cannabis medicines to patients’ individual needs. These products can be supplied in 400 or 3.000 grams packaging.

Cannabis for patients

Doctors can also prescribe these new medicinal cannabis products directly to patients. The Australian distributor Novachem delivers the products in 10-gram packages directly to pharmacies for patient use. These products can be administered by inhalation through a medical vaporizer offered by Storz & Bickel. The already available product Bedrocan® can also be administered using the metered-dose SyqeAir inhaler, a medical device developed by Syqe Medical, which contains Bedrocan® flos in its EU-GMP-certified cartridges.

*) Chemovar – a distinct species of Cannabis sativa L. defined by the chemical profile of its cannabinoids and terpenes.

Oral dosage form

Bedrocan is currently developing a new Bedrocan® oral dose form with different THC: CBD ratios. The plan is to launch these products later this year in different markets, including Australia. Additionally, the company is currently finalising the development of a new dose form for inhalaton, that will be initially available as a compounding product, and later potentially as a finished product. In 2026, other chemovars, such as Bedrobinol® and Bediol®, can also be supplied from Denmark to Australia, depending on the demand.

The UMC Utrecht Brain Center, in collaboration with various organisations in the Netherlands, will conduct research into the effects of adding CBD cannabis oil to the treatment of children with treatment-resistant epilepsy. The study drug to be administered is the Bedrolite® CBD oil from the  Dutch Transvaal pharmacy. This medicinal oil is made from Bedrocan’s cannabis. The research group has been allocated 1.4 million euros from ZonMW s Good Use of Medicines programme, which funds research in the Netherlands. The research will take about four years.

A total of 50 patients can participate in the study. Importantly, the patients have not previously used Bedrolite® CBD oil to treat epileptic seizures. In the first instance, the medicine’s effect on the attacks is examined, which is why participants must have a minimum of eight attacks every four weeks. Otherwise, the effectiveness cannot be assessed.

The study has started in 2025.

Lead researcher Floor Jansen hopes that after the research, neurologists can better predict for which patients CBD (cannabidiol) is an effective treatment. You can read more about this on the UMC’s website. Jansen: “Our research focuses on the individual. Instead of looking at a group, we look at whether the drug is effective per patient. We want to investigate whether the number of attacks decreases, but we also pay attention to other important outcomes for a patient. Think of less use of emergency medication against prolonged attacks, a change in alertness or a better night’s sleep.”

Call for doctors

Practitioners of children with epilepsy who would like to know more about the study can contact Floor Jansen, pediatric neurologist at UMC Utrecht (via the secretariat of pediatric neurology at UMC Utrecht, Netherlands).

Bedrocan is bringing new opportunities for the nutraceuticals industry at Vitafoods Europe 2025 with its new high-CBD cannabis product. The recently introduced Bedrolina® can be used as biomass for manufacturing different nutraceutical products, including food supplements. The consistent cannabinoid content of Bedrolina® supports cost-effective and high-quality production of CBD-based formulations. The material contains up to 14% CBD and less than 1% THC and is available in cut flos form (ground, dried flower) and in whole-dried flower form.

CBD raw materials

In recent years, CBD products have become popular in nutraceuticals as more jurisdictions regulate CBD across the globe. However, the options for reliable cannabis raw materials with high CBD levels and consistent supply seem limited. This creates a challenge for manufacturers to keep a qualitative production process.

Due to regulatory barriers, hemp varieties are the most common source of supply for manufacturers of CBD-based products, as these contain a maximum of 0.3% THC. According to Bedrocan’s CEO, Jaap Erkelens, these hemp-derived raw materials are not the best option for nutraceutical manufacturers: “Hemp varieties often contain a lower CBD percentage, which means that more biomass is needed. In addition, these hemp varieties are not suitable for medicinal applications.”

Besides the advantage of using less plant material, manufacturers will also be able to rely on a consistent supply of this non-hemp CBD variety from our new facility in Denmark, an important advantage in a market with growing demand.

Outdoor cultivation

The company has also started an outdoor cultivation project, growing high-CBD and other novel medicinal plants through a partnership in Suriname, which may become another option to supply the nutraceuticals industry in the future, especially in the North and South American regions. Additionally, Bedrocan also presents its contract manufacturing services knowledge transfer to other herbal raw material suppliers at Vitafoods Europe 2025.

The way the cannabinoids THC and CBD move through the body (pharmacokinetics) varies depending upon how it is taken. The duration of their action is influenced by dose size, dose form, and the route of administration – the lungs, mouth, gut or the skin.

Cannabinoids – absorption and distribution

THC and CBD are mainly found in cannabis in their inactive acid form THCA and CBDA. To activate THC and CBD a carboxyl group must be removed by heat. In practice, this so called ‘decarboxylation’ occurs by heating cannabis in a vaporizer, or heating the cannabis extracts before being placed into a solution.

The absorption of inhaled cannabinoids results in a maximum (peak) blood concentration within minutes. Effects in the brain start within seconds to a few minutes, and reach a maximum after 15-30 minutes. They taper off within 2-3 hours.

Absorption is slower when cannabinoids are ingested. Lower, more-delayed peak concentrations occur with oral ingestion. The effects in the brain are delayed for 30-90 minutes, and reach their maximum after 2-3 hours. They last for about 4-12 hours.

Bioavailability of cannabinoids

Bioavailability describes the proportion of a medicine entering blood circulation after administration. The bioavailability of oral THC and CBD is low. By comparison, the inhalation of cannabinoids has been shown to be more effective and reliable compared to oral administration.

THC and CBD are fat soluble (highly lipophilic) compounds which are rapidly absorbed by the lungs. As a result, inhalation is a convenient and fast-acting method of administration, allowing easier titration to the desired dosage and biological effect. About 25% of inhaled THC enters the blood circulation.

The distribution of cannabinoids in the body are ruled by their lipophilicity (their fat solubility) and binding to blood proteins. THC is distributed widely throughout the body, particularly to fatty tissues. The body storage of THC increases with increasing frequency and duration of use.

Metabolism and elimination of cannabinoids

The cannabinoids are mainly metabolised by a collection of liver enzymes called cytochrome P450 (CYP450). The same as many other medicines, these enzymes chemically alter the cannabinoids to remove them from our body (excretion). Besides the liver, other tissues like the heart and lungs are also able to metabolise cannabinoids, albeit to a lesser degree. THC and CBD metabolism follows a similar metabolic route.

Elimination of medicines means their complete removal from our body. Metabolism is the major route for the removal of THC. Unlike THC, a large proportion of CBD is excreted unchanged. Within 5 days of taking a single dose, a total of 80−90% of THC is excreted. The elimination of THC and its metabolites occurs via the faeces and urine. After inhalation, about 25% of the absorbed dose is excreted in the urine; about 65% is eliminated via faeces.

Only very small amounts of THC are excreted unchanged. Less than 5% of an oral dose is found unchanged in the faeces. THC metabolites can be found in the urine and faeces for several weeks. The slow elimination of cannabinoids and their metabolites is due to their slow movement out of our body fat and other tissues back into the bloodstream.

The new Danish production site recently passed a GMP inspection, carried out by the Danish Medicines Agency DKMA, with flying colours. The Danish authorities have now granted the GMP certificate that allows Bedrocan to start cultivation. The Bedrocan board of directors would like to congratulate all employees involved in achieving this enormous milestone. The cultivation activities are now in full swing to supply the first customers in 2025. The recruitment of new staff, including processors and packers, will also start shortly.

First audit

“The fact that the inspectors were satisfied with their first audit makes it something very special for us as a company and our industry. The fact that our Dutch knowledge and experience has been transferred 1-on-1 to another jurisdiction is evidence of an unparalleled level of professionalism,” CEO Jaap Erkelens proudly explains. Bedrocan is a cannabis grower of Dutch origin who, in addition to two cultivation locations in the Netherlands, has also delivered a brand new facility in Køge (Denmark) and is now also working on breathing new life into the former production facility in Canada. ‘I am convinced’, Erkelens continues, ‘that we can once again use this Danish experience elsewhere in the world as the Bedrocan concept for cannabis medicines.’

Annual capacity

The certificate was obtained just before the end of 2024 and the staff could not have imagined a better way to end both the year and the project. The Danish facility will aim to meet the growing demand for Bedrocan’s standardised medicinal cannabis. The new production location has an annual capacity of 2,300 kilos.